Jahrtausend v.Chr., Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 12/2, Wiesbaden, 2001. A. Ancillotti, La lingua dei Cassiti, Milan, 1981. Contemporary Kassite records are not numerous. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. There was an intensive connection between the ruling dynasty and the city of Nippur. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. 4 Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? They were used to mark official items and ownership. They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. The monument mostly speaks of military victories over Egypts enemies. Ashkelon has been overcome; By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). Volume 2 Kardunia. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. It is believed that in the ancient city existed the legendary "Hanging Gardens of Babylon," which were terraced gardens of celestial beauty that were maintained by an automated watering mechanism. Not long after the Elamites pillaged Ur and founded an Elamite kingdom inside Shnunna. The Babylonian territory had experienced internal strife and rebellion and the people of Elam took advantage of this situation and conquered Babylon. Middle Babylonian documents from Nuzi have the form Ku-u-u (-h), i.e., with the Hurrian adjectival ending -e (Fincke, 1993, pp. Brinkman, J. This is when they are shown on the Biblical Timeline with world history. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. Around 1500 BC. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC (middle chronology). After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. Namri was named Babil, i.e., Babylon, in Urartian inscriptions, according to Diakonoff and Kashkai (1979, pp. The sixth letter is the last and most severe letter and the Abdi-zedek begs once again for military help by means of archers from Egypt. [44][45], Note that the relative order of Kadashman-Turgu and Kadashman-Enlil II have been questioned. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. Mid-12th Century. 415 f.). The Babylonian empire founded by Hammurabi was overthrown by the Kassites (whose origins are unknown) in 1595 BCE, the conquest following a Hittite invasion that sacked Babylon but did not stay to rule over it.Over the following centuries, the Kassites successfully . They include administrative and legal texts, letters, seal inscriptions, private votive inscriptions, and even a literary text (usually identified as a fragment of a historical epic). ). The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). The Babylonian Empire. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. 271-81. 3 And all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat . Balkan, 1954, pp. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. bukaum), who received envoys of the king of Halaba (very probably Aleppo) in his encampment, was perhaps a contemporary of Samsiluna (see Podany, 2002, p. 49). 2, 2021, pp. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Although both the level of urbanization and of the rural population in Babylonia was lower than that in the early second millennium BCE (cf. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. They are well represented among the great landowners. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. The foreign inhabitants of the fortresses, who were mercenaries (rather than foreign invaders) forming a garrison system, gradually controlled the countryside of northern Babylonia. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. 2005. Several members of the ruling family of Ellipi (< Middle Babylonian Ullipi, with attenuation of the initial vowel, according to A. Fuchs apud Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 151b) bore Kassite names. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( short chronology ). A. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. Idem, Peoples from the Iranian Plateau in Babylonia during the Second Millennium B.C., Iran 25, 1987, pp. The opinion of W. Eilers (1957-58, pp. [53] Kassite pottery deposits have been found as far away as Al Khor Island in the Persian Gulf area. The last two toponyms are mentioned in Sennaheribs 8th campaign against the Kassites and Yasubigalleans (see Edzard, 1976-80, p. 271a). Bearded men, religious symbols, horned quadrupeds, and fauna are often shown in these images. The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. There may be several Kassite names in Old Babylonian uarr in the Zagros (see Eidem, 1992, p. 49b, top; Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 412 with n. 16). She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. Unfortunately, it is not certain whether or not this is a clear reference to Israel. 39:1-45:5 - the most detailed account in the Old Testament of Babylon conquest of Jerusalem and its aftermath. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. His stele tells of a civil war of sorts and is backed by later Greek sources. kassites in the bible. J.A. A. Brinkman (1976-80, p. 465a) and W. De Smet (1990, p. 11) point out that the earliest evidence for Kassites is from northern Babylonia and west of it, viz., the Middle Euphrates and Alalah VII (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 466b). For a time in the early reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I Assyria gained ascendancy, until the Elamites under Kidin-Hutran III intervened. Kassites. The Kassites were very active at Ur. H. H. Paper, rev. A. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. (Deuteronomy 4:19 NIV), Joshua said to all the people, This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Long ago your ancestors, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor, lived beyond the Euphrates River and worshiped other gods. Museum, British. 229-244, Brinkman, J. [2] A dynasty of Kassite origin ruled Babylonia starting with the fifteenth century BCE. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? This time period is the same time period we read about in Joshua and Judges (though, some scholars disagree on the exodus timing). Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. 287-90. 58 f., 65 f.; cf. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. It is either anachronistic, or a poor translation. The cities of Ashkelon and Gezer were Philistine territory that werent fully conquered by Israel. [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. S. F. C. Richardson, The Collapse of a Complex State: A Reappraisal of the End of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1683-1597 B.C., Ph.D. the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. Books Chr. Download Free PDF View PDF. This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. [12] Several tablets dated to the reign of Agum III were found at the Dilmun site of Qal'at al-Bahrain. 437-478, Malko, Helen. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. 174-190, Bass, George F., et al. 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? Kassite traditions endured mostly in the private and familial spheres (see Heinz, 1995, p. 165). Its about events 700-1000 years later. Recall that in the first five books of the Bible idolatry was a major issue. The event is recorded in Genesis 12. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. 925, Yaln, Serdar. 73, No. However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. "Kassite." Idem, Kassiten, RlA 5, 1976-1980, pp. Kassite. Brinkman, 1986). His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. (2015). Learn how your comment data is processed. Altorientalische Forschungen (in German) (30): 372381. Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. Aktuelle Forschungsprobleme in der vorderasiatischen Archologie, Hildesheim, 1995, pp. J. van Dijk, Die dynastischen Heiraten zwischen Kassiten und Elamern: eine verhngnisvolle Politik, Orientalia, N.S. (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. The private sector, i.e., free families and clans living in urban and rural settlements and represented in community assemblies, included private artisans. The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. The fact that the river ordeal, which in the Old Babylonian period is mainly recorded in texts from Susa, has become more common in Babylonia during the Kassite than in the preceding (Old Babylonian) period may point to an origin of the Kassites east of Babylonia, but is not conclusive evidence. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store 14155, Hjlund, Flemming. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Middle Babylonian Period (1595 - 1000 BC). 221-223, Marcus, Michelle I. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. A.. "1. 58, no. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. The attempt of A. Ancillotti (1981) to demonstrate that Kassite is originally an Indo-Aryan language is not convincing. 5 ff. The city was built by Kurigalzu I (probably in the first quarter of the 15th century BCE). Ira Spar, Michael Jursa: Cuneiform Texts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium BC. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. ("Year in which Samsu-iluna the king (defeated) the totality of the strength of the army / the troops of the Kassites"). The longest lasting of several Babylonian dynasties, the Kassites held the region between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq for over 400 years. No, King David Never Danced Naked Before The Lord, Top 10 Worst Christian Fashions And Clothing. According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. Yanoam is made non-existent. Though the map was inscribed long after the demise of Old Babylonia, archaeological evidence has proven it remarkably accurate in showing the . Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). 1/2, 1981, pp. The earliest occurrence of an individual with a Kassite name in Babylonia is from Rm-Sn Is 53rd year (1770 BCE). This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." Bill T. Arnold. Krishna was at once a Kurus, an Abhira, and a Yadava. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. The Bible makes many references to a people known as the "Cushites," implying they are the descendents of Noah's grandson Cush, who inhabited the "Land of Cush" in Old Testament times. According to history, what we do know is that they first appeared as a military force in the time of Samsuiluna (1749-1712 BC), Hammurapi's successor, but that is all we know about them until the time that they established a dynasty in Babylonia, around 1595 BC. In the time of Old Babylonia they were hired mercenaries for the state and also formed bands of outlaw rebels against the state. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. There is not a single connected text in the Kassite language. Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. (2011, August 03). Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. 247 ff., 258 f.). of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. Trustees of the British Museum. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. Omissions? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against . On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society. 144 ff.). Schneider, Thomas (2003). Around 1800 B.C., the Kassites began to settle in the Zagros Mountains which are located in modern day Iran. The Elamites went on to take Babylon up till Hammurabi around 1700 BC. Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. Since the word Hebrew is a poor transliteration of the word Ivri (pronounced ihv`ree) it is a stretch to say that the word Apiru or Habiru is from the same source. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. Balkan, 1954, p. 109). The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. (2012). World History Encyclopedia. It was located near the Euphrates River . 224 f.). [27] An International System came into place between these parties connected by widespread trade, treaties, and intermarriage between the ruling classes (especially between the Kassites and Elamites). The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. : Die Kassiten, in K. Bartl, R. Bernbeck, and M. Heinz, eds., Zwischen Euphrat und Indus. Since they had chariots, they were not nomadic, but were fully settled in segregated rural encampments. It was written plain as day in the Egyptian language. They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). . (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. 6, no. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. 1-26. Jt. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). The number of Kassite appellatives is restricted (slightly more than 60 vocables, mostly referring to colors, parts of the chariot, irrigation terms, plants, and titles). ; Nashef, 1982, pp. [56], Seals were used widely across the Near Eastern kingdoms during the Kassite rule. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. 32, no. West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat The Biblical Archaeologist , Vol. Kassite kings ruled for about 400 years. The first place to start when trying to locate the Garden of Eden is in the Bible. 471-589. 1, pp. 88-124, Clayden, Tim. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. 04 Mar 2023. "uqamuna und u/imalija." The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Information will be sectioned off into multiple posts, organized by date ranges. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 1, 2006, pp. Prof. David Goldenberg Categories: Beha'alotcha Old Arab Woman, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1882. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. 159-70. [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan. Volume 2 Kardunia. Cite This Work [2] There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Ab-euh, and Amm-ditna. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. There are very few filiations with the father bearing a Babylonian name. 3, 1963, pp. If we reference this ancient trade route map it will show us where the Kassites (Semitic people, Akkad, pdf; Akkadian, pdf) once lived, in the mountains east of Mesopotamia. The demise of the Kassite dynasty was caused mainly by external factors. Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. 125-145, Potts, Daniel T. (1999). [48], It has been suggested that several Kassite leaders bore Indo-European names, and they might have had an Indo-European elite similar to the Mitanni. The archive originates, not from the temple, but from the palace of the governor (andabakku, Sumerian U.EN.NA) of Nippur (see Balkan, 1986, p. 8). Dr-Kurigalzu: New Perspectives". 469 f.; Dosch and Deller, 1981), as well as in Middle Assyrian documents (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 470; cf. The Kassites hardly penetrated the fields where acquaintance with the scribal art was required. The Assyrians were one of the great powers of ancient Mesopotamia, rivals of the Babylonians. Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Detail, facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk, Kassite, 15th century BCE. 95 ff. Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. Kassites are recorded in Nuzi during the 15th century BCE (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. It was discovered in 1896 and is stored in the Cairo Museum currently. Brill, pp. Is The NIV Purposefully Removing References To Fasting? The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. 163-69). Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. There are numerous accounts in both Akkadian and Canaanite literature that speak of the religious nature of the area, which affirms the biblical accounts. 23342, J. They ruled for over 400 years. 93-111, Schulman, Alan R. Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. kassites in the bible. 15:7). Museum, B. [in:], Biggs, Robert D. A Letter from Kassite Nippur. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 88 f.) suggest that Babylon was resettled as early as ca. 71 ff.) 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