The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. [113], Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a surfactant manufactured from coconut oil that is increasingly used as an ingredient in personal hygiene products and cosmetics, such as shampoos, liquid soaps, cleansers and antiseptics, among others. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. It should stay fresh for four to six months stored at room temperature. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." It is spread by host insects, that thrive on heavy turf grasses. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. [70] In the Hawaiian Islands, the coconut is regarded as a Polynesian introduction, first brought to the islands by early Polynesian voyagers (also Austronesians) from their homelands in the southern islands of Polynesia.[39]. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. [163], The roots are used as a dye, a mouthwash, and a folk medicine for diarrhea and dysentery. This results in the naked coconut "shell" with three pores more familiar in countries where coconuts are not grown locally. What Coconut Symbolizes? - Sweetish Hill De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). 2017-08-20 10:24:51. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. The Pacific group is the only one to display clear genetic and phenotypic indications that they were domesticated; including dwarf habit, self-pollination, and the round "niu vai" fruit morphology with larger endosperm-to-husk ratios. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit. Ingredient Lists); Major Food Allergens (food source names and examples)", "How to Tell When Coconuts Are Ripe on the Tree", "When Are Coconuts Ripe: Do Coconuts Ripen After They Are Picked", "ICC Quality Standard: Desiccated Coconut", "Exporting desiccated coconuts to Europe", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! Due to the performance of coconut in the economy as the major source of income, it is considered as a predictor of the general economic activity of the country. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. [146] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. [27][29][30] Conran et al. Aids in hydration. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. [49][4][48][60], The coconut played a critical role in the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Copyright 2020 Deejay Coconut Farm Pvt Ltd | All Rights Reserved |, Scope for Coconut Cultivation and its National Importance, Four things you most likely didnt know about coconut hybridization. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. [21][22], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a taproot nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. in history at New Mexico State University. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. From this vinegar jaggery and sugar is prepared. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. Coconut | Description, Uses, & Facts | Britannica These have much lower fat content and are suitable as milk substitutes. She earned her B.A. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. [48][51][57] During the colonial era, Pacific coconuts were further introduced to Mexico from the Spanish East Indies via the Manila galleons. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. Consumers feel that fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the healthiest formats available for processed fruits and vegetables, which has allowed the fresh-cut category to prosper. Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[158]. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. It can be used in liquid form as would other vegetable oils, or in solid form similar to butter or lard. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. Some of the intercrops identified include cassava, bananas, blackpepper and ginger. Few plants are as versatile as the coconut. How do you choose the best tender coconut. THE COCONUT INDUSTRY REVOLUTIONISES - Guyana Chronicle It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. Leaves are also woven into small piuches that are filled with rice and cooked to make pus and ketupat.[162]. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Palm. Therefore, eating coconuts regularly reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. "[117] In the coconut industry, coconut meat can be classified loosely into three different types depending on maturity namely "Malauhog", "Malakanin" and "Malakatad". Your energy will be boosted and the thyroid gland hormones production will be enhanced. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". [185], This article is about the plant. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia.
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