Illus. A tiny female China peers at the scene from behind a wall. advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. In mid 1899, Life published this chilling view of the war in the Philippines that was to drag on for several more years. Der Traum der Kaiserin von China (The Dream of the Empress of China),Simplicissimus, July 3, 1900. Embracing Technologies of Domination: The Rise of Popular Imperialism in the U.S., 1898-1904. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Dresden International Congress Centre, Dresden, Germany, Jun 16, 2006. Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribo. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Uncle Sam was portrayed both with youthful energy and as a paternal older figure straining to follow in John Bulls footsteps as he took up the White Mans Burden., After Many Years: The Great Rapprochement. Published in Punch Magazine 28, November 1906. 14 books12 followers. Uncle Sam and President McKinley countered the assault under another American flag on which was inscribed Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness under treaty rights. The cartoon caption reflected Americas self-image as a reluctant civilizer: Is This Imperialism? Mott, Frank Luther. The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without their consent until they can govern themselves.. Duplication Services Web site. This video provides an in depth analysis of a GCSE History cartoon from the event surrounding the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (after WW1). Keppler, Udo J., Artist. Rhodesia Railways. Source:Library of Congress, Left: John Bull gapes at a new American steamer. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Quarto 377 pages. | In all likelihood, it was an internal malfunction, but many Americans blamed the Spanish and rallied behind the slogan Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain. The United States declared war on Spain on April 20, and the fury kindled by the sinking of the Maine was appeased by a great U.S. naval victory on the other side of the world two and a half months later. An iron railing through which an electric current runs is the healthiest and safest of fences. Keppler, U. J. A more earthly approach is taken in the graphic Some One Must Back Up that heads this essay. Skulls dot the landscape ahead in Lifes grim rendering. The cause of the explosion is still undetermined. And Peace Shall Rule. Udo Keppler,Puck, May 3, 1899. Includes bibliographical references and index. Cape to Cairo Railway Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Download Image of From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler.. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. Each sign is topped by the word Wanted and the goods listed include trolley lines, electric lights, water-works, sewers, paving, asphalt roads, watches, clocks, wagons, carriages, trucks, 100,000 bridges, 500,000 engines, 2 million cars, 4 million rails, 100,000 RR stations, cotton goods, telegraph, telephone, stoves, lamps, petroleum, medicines, chemicals, disinfectants, 50 million reaping machines, 100 million plows, and 50 million sewing machines. title not id. Uneasiness over the idea of using force to govern a country was overcome by tracing the issue of consent back through recent history. Louis Dalrymples exceptionally detailed 1899 Puck graphic includes racist and denigrating depictions within a schoolhouse metaphor to demonstrate the right to govern newly acquired territories without their consent. Twains most celebrated anti-imperialist essay, To the Person Sitting in Darkness, was published in the February, 1901 issue of the North American Review. Our Christmas Tree. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 27, 1899. Germanys Kaiser Wilhelm II appears as an anointed leader, his angel wings made of swords, astride a cannon dragged by clerics and missionaries toward foreign lands. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25696 (digital file from original print). The graphics include pillage, rape, and wanton executions. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25696 (digital file from original print). The black-and-white drawing by William H. Walker captured the harsh reality behind the ideal of benevolent assimilation, depicting imperialists Uncle Sam, John Bull, Kaiser Wilhelm, and, coming into view, a figure that probably represents France, as burdens carried by vanquished non-white peoples. The 'Cape to Cairo' idea, dating back at least to 1876, and Rhodes' active promotion of a railway linking the . Newspapers carried pictures of corpses and stories of rape and plunder, notably in the wealthy merchant city of Tongzhou just before troops reached Beijing. The image is ironically paired with a quote attributed to an Official Report to the War Office that says iron railing through which an electric current runs makes the healthiest and safest fences., Les Progrs de la Science (The Advances of Science). Keppler, U. J. American ships for American commerce!!. Scene The Congo Free State; artist: Linley Sambourne. China, shown gripping a schoolbook in the doorway, has not yet entered the scene. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. Although protested by some commanders, no single approach prevailed among these competitive armies thrown together in a loose coalition. This cartoon is a virtual poster, or an emblem, of the colonialist mentality of the day. the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. | Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". Title from item. 1898, Donaldson Litho Co. As you can see, he stands on the continent of Africa with one foot on the southern tip of Africa and the other at the northern coast. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. The feminine representations of imperial nations pictured here include Russia, Turkey, Italy, Austria, Spain, and France. In the Rubber Coils. No blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity, and none will be., Is this Imperialism? This early outburst of what we refer to today as clash-of-civilizations thinking did not go unchallenged, however. The French caption mocks British hypocrisy in officially praising the humanitarian behavior of their armed forces. The U.S. conquest of the Philippines, coupled with the multi-nation Boxer intervention in China, prompted Twain to become an outspoken critic of America plunging into what he denounced as the European Game of overseas expansion. "Major Grogan's Financial Analysis," EAS (6 August 1926), 1, 5, 7-8. (This coincided with the annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory in congressional votes in June and July of the same year.) While grading a final exam a professor discovers that two students have virtually identical answers. From the Cape to Cairo Collection: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Description: Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. continuous line of British territories from Cape Town, South Africa to Cairo, Egypt. Designed using Unos. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. (doi:10.1017/S0021875810000046). Tough the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 10, 1902. site.). Retrieved from the Library of Congress. The rays of the sun shine over Uncle Sam and John Bull, who clasp hands in a renewed Anglo-American alliance of Kindred Interests rooted in the English Tongue. Warships on the horizon ground their mission in naval power. An exclamation point was added to the phrase, The White (!) The imperialist rhetoric of civilization versus barbarism that took root during these years was reinforced in both the United States and England by a small flood of political cartoonscommonly executed in full color and with meticulous attention to detail. Cape to Cairo: the Rhodes Colossus - Spotlight at Stanford Turning to China, his stinging indictment extended beyond the two Anglo powers to target the Kaisers Germany plus Tsarist Russia and France. Coinciding with the British reconquest of the Sudan was this cartoon drawn by Joseph Keppler, a frequent contributor to the American political satire and humor magazine, Puck. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Photograph. Link to other styles, U.S. President - 1st Term (September 1901-February 1905), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. In this activity, you will analyze and then create cartoons about imperialism. From Tientsin to Peking with the Allied Forces. LC copy from Naimusho Keihokyoku censorship collection; classified as "annei" and banned. Gambone, Robert L.Life on the Press The Popular Art and Illustrations of GeorgeBenjamin Luks(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009). Opposing the British were the Mahdists, followers of the deceased Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi (d. 1885) who was a Sudanese political and religious leader of mixed Arab and African descent. Edit. Ricard, Serge. Please use: Dr. Beasleys Calendar to book appointment times. Dickinson State University. 1345 (1902 December 10), centerfold. Are our teachings, then, in vain?" Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Now clad in armor and carrying a spear, she threatens to intervene to stop the anti-foreign, anti-Christian acts of anarchy, murder, and riot that have spread to Beijing. Britains John Bull leads Uncle Sam uphill as the two imperialists take up the White Mans Burden in this detail from an overtly racist 1899 cartoon referencing Kiplings poem. The Real Trouble Will Come with the 'From the Cape to Cairo: Though the process be costly, the road of Almost thou persuadest me to be a ChristianActs xxvi, 28. William H. Walker,Life, April 25, 1901. For guidance about compiling full citations consult in: Puck, v . Reference staff can Raising money to Save the Foreign Devils recurs in the visual record. Having defeated China in 189495, Japan is presented by Columbia (the U.S.) to her closest ally, Britannia (Great Britain). Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, Chapter 18: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. Presence of a German fleet lent evidence to one of the justifications the U.S. gave for war with Spain, that is, to protect the Philippines from takeover by a rival major power. 1900) and starlight from a goddess of civilization. Estimates of civilian fatalities, on the other hand, range from 200,000 to possibly well over a million. ), yesterday we took important commandos. On May 1a month before the celebratory second magazine cover reproduced here was publishedCommodore George Dewey destroyed a Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines. Christian missionaries, their Chinese converts, and eventually all foreigners were blamed for the troubles and attacked by Boxer bands of disenfranchised young men. The Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political Cartoons(San Francisco: TBoli Pub. Western missionaries had penetrated the interior, and the missions they established disrupted village traditions. Includes bibliographical references and index. In the civilization narrative, barbarians were commonly identified as the non-Western, non-white, non-Christian natives of the less-developed nations of the world. Accusations of atrocities against civilians on the ten-day march to Beijing were made in first-hand accounts of the mission. In the rest of the continent, the Belgians brutally dealt with uprisings in the Congo; and the German government gobbled up what practically was the last "free" land for colonials in southwest Africa. The laudatory rhetoric and imagery of a white mans burden and civilizing mission received a sharp rejoinder in a cartoon published by Life in April, 1901 under the title March of the Strenuous Civilization. In this sardonic rendering of the realities of imperialist expansion, a missionary leads the charge holding a Missionary Ledger. Immediately behind him march a sword-brandishing sailor carrying loot and a rifle-bearing soldier carrying booty. Science comes next, clutching lyddite, a high explosive first used by the British in the Boer War. The penetration of missionaries into the interior of China, for example, destabilized rural economies and incited anti-foreign sentiments. That dragon must be killed before our troubles can be adjusted. The Boxer Uprising was a godsend for the righteous exponents of a world divided, between the civilized West and barbaric Others. Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs.. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, Left:Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade, Progress, Force if Necessary, Cotton Dry Goods Education, Right:Boxer, 400 Million Barbarians, China, Civilization and barbarism meet as the headlight of Uncle Sams gun-mounted Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade shines the light of Progress on China. Published during the Boxer uprisings against Westerners and Christians, the cartoon portrays China as a frenzied dragon under the control of a Boxer gripping a bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million Barbarians. In the balance of power between technological progress and primitive barbarians, the cartoon makes clear who must back up.. Source: Library of Congress. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Given the fact that Twain was famous and widely admired for his outspokenness, it is especially disconcerting to learn that he and his close supporters concluded that challenging the mystique of civilization and progress in such stark terms was not feasible given the political and religious fervor of the times. Includes bibliographical references and index. Cecil John Rhodes | South African History Online The White (!) Misery Loves Company;but they hope soon to be out of it. Louis Dalrymple, Puck, March 20, 1901. Looming just ahead for the two Anglo nations were turbulence and intervention in such widely dispersed places as Samoa, China, and Africa. Cullinane, M. Patrick. Vol 172 (February 1901). Hawaii and Porto Rico are model female students. On November 29, 1892, while on a visit to London, Rhodes made a speech in which he dramatically announced that he intended to extend the Colony's telegraphic connections across the entire continent - not only to Lake Tanganyika and Uganda, but through the fundamentalist Islamic Sudan and all the way to British Cairo. As the disturbance escalated, so did news coverage around the world. Every week on Mon, Wed, until Dec 13, 2021, 33 occurrence(s), Join Zoom Meeting N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. This French cartoon eschews the romantic presentation in the preceding Puckgraphic and casts a far more cynical eye on Anglo-American expansion as fundamentally a matter of conquest. Whoever falls into your hands is forfeited. (1902) From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. 301-314 (2010). Relatively free from European rivalries and well situated to become a transoceanic partner, the U.S. was courted for the role. The French leftwing magazine LAssiette au Beurre (The Butter Plate) had a substantive run from April, 1901 to October, 1912. (The artist signed his name on the grave on the lower right.). Now there are thirteen on this one street! 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. The large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries is dotted with U.S. flags marking newly-acquired territories. Cairo and Cape Town, the twin citadels of British power and presence in Africa. J. Ottmann Lith. He was just one of the imperial rulers and national figures to be demonized. ColumbiaMother! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, June 15, 1898. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog Anticipated U.S. exports appear on signs that advertise the rich market awaiting American manufacturers. Source:Bibliothque nationale de France. The march of civilization against barbarism is a late-19th-century construct that cast imperialist wars as moral crusades. Name: Grady Lentz Rhodes cartoon analysis Figure 1.4: Imperialist, explorer and businessman Rhodes as a. Un treillage de fer travers par un courant lectrique est la plus saine et la plus sre des cltures. Misery Loves Company: Parallel Colonial Wars (1899-1902). Our Civilized Heathen. The word "Civilization" (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. Despite several victories in the battle for Tianjin, chaotic Chinese forces melted away before the Allied advance. Education in the ways of the West completed the political and commercial occupation. Several of these graphics from Puck commented on Americas problems at home while accusing others of being barbarians. 1345 (1902 December 10), centerfold. Many peasants vaguely suspected of being Boxers were executed. hier encore nous avons pris un important commando. Whom or what did you include or leave out of the image? 13, No. II. The backdrop to the scene, a large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries, attests to the new position the U.S. has taken in the world, with its overseas territories marked by U.S. flags. S Summary is a official man just stand up over a land. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. In the centerfold of the August 16, 1899 issue of Puck, the not-so-cynical Keppler extended his feminization of global power politics to other great nations including a new arrival on the scene: Japan. Vignette-style graphics placed an array of smaller scenes around the central image. In the United States, the Boer War, conquest of the Philippines, and Boxer Uprising prompted large, detailed, sophisticated, full-color cartoons in Puck and Judge. Thomas Theodor Heine. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth(New York: Columbia University Press, 1997). | Print shows Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll, each in the arms of the other, pointing to quotations attributed to them that justify American imperialist activities 1 print : chromolithograph. Invading foreign lands was a relatively new experience for the U.S. Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. Cape to Cairo Railway - Wikipedia The caption quotes one of the presidents speeches: Teaching them the truth of the common fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, and showing that if we are not our brothers keepers we can be our brothers helpers. Publisher. A pair of 1898 graphics offer before and after snapshots related to two major events. Declaration of Independence:Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.. Simultaneously, the war against Spain in Cuba and the Caribbean saw the U.S. seizure of Cubas Guantanamo Bay in June, giving the U.S. a naval base retained into the 21st century. As Britain stepped up financial industries, shipping, and insurance to make up the deficit, global sea power took on additional significance. Commodore Deweys victory in Manila Bay in May not only paved the way for U.S. conquest of the Philippines, but also provided a valuable naval base for U.S. fleets in the Pacific. As these cartoons reflect, the U.S., itself a new colonial power, was particularly threatened by the rise of Germany as a rival in the Pacific. Source:Library of Congress. Rhodes_cartoon_analysis+FINAL.docx - Name: Grady Lentz Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. China peeps over the wall. Address of Pope Barrow to the Daughters of the American revolution. Imperial Mission: The Air Route to Cape Town 1918-32 - JSTOR Ellen Sebring is an artist, filmmaker, and for a decade was the Creative director of the Visualizing Cultures project at M.I.T. Dr Natheem Jacobs was stabbed at his home in Garlandale, Athlone. What were the effects on China, as portrayed in the cartoon? available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. The expedition met with unexpectedly fierce opposition from Boxers and Qing dynasty troops and was forced to retreat. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and Britannia (Symbolic character)--1900-1910, - The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling). Victor Gillam,Judge, April 1, 1899. A priest of the Church of England, his father served as curate of Brentwood Essex for fifteen years, until 1849, when he became the vicar of Bishop's Stortford, where . But the urge to span the continent from bottom to top did not die with Rhodes's dream . The U.S. is newly victorious in 1898 naval victories over the Spanish at Manila and Santiago de Cuba. 14-27 (May-June 1999). The cartoonist targets capitalists as the true power behind the policies and practices in the Pacific, with a portrait of businessman Marcus Hannaa dollar sign elongating his earthat dwarfs a portrait of President William McKinley. In the French cartoon Leur rve (Their dream), the globe is portrayed as a victim carried on a stretcher. - This special issue of LAssiette au Beurre drew particular attention to the brutal tactics adopted by the British in the Boer War, including herding the families of the Boer opponent into concentration camps. Keppler portrays the conflict between the British and Sudanese as a struggle of the representatives of civilization against the forces of barbarism. Although the imagery used to depict the barbarians is not specifically evocative of the Middle East, it is a reflection of the predominant Western attitude toward the enterprise of colonialism and imperialism at the dawn of the twentieth century. Phillips, Richard and Jones, Rhys. Boxers practiced spirit-possession rituals, often meeting in Buddhist temples, and attacked Christian missionaries and Chinese converts. site.). Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. Is the item digitized? French Satirical Drawings from LAssiette au Beurre(New York: Dover Publications, 1978). Though carving the Chinese melon was a popular metaphor, none of the invaders seriously considered partitioning the large country under foreign rule. Advance Agent of Modern Civilization: Religion & Empire. There, membership in militant secret societies swelled, most prominently in the Yi He Quan (Society of the Righteous Fist), a sect known to Westerners as the Boxers. Beyond commercial and military prowess, the two nations formed a natural brotherhood within attitudes later labeled as social Darwinism. Privacy Policy, Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Elbert F. Baldwin, https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. The human and financial cost of these extended conflicts was large. Confucius, Missionary banner (Allied forces flags): Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you do ye even so to them. Britain stepped in to defend the rights of the immigrants, known as uitlanders (foreigners) to the Boers. The Rhodes Colossus by Lalo Vzquez - Prezi