what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

Where did Christopher Columbus first land? They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. 1531 Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. SE. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. This button displays the currently selected search type. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. Create your account. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. . Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. Spanish . These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. Back to Table of Contents. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. While disease killed populations. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. 1015 Words. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Islamic states had dominated. 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. 101 Independence Ave. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy.