[230][231] Also according to Vianu, this contrasted with Macedonski's failures in communicating with the public, an experience which made him "misanthropic" and contributed to his ultimate vision of death as freedom. [42] In 1874 that he came to the attention of young journalist future dramatist Ion Luca Caragiale, who satirized him in articles for the magazine Ghimpele, ridiculing his claim to Lithuanian descent, and eventually turning him into the character Aamsky, whose fictional career ends with his death from exhaustion caused by contributing to "for the country's political development". [17] He was attending the Carol I High School in Craiova and, according to his official record, graduated in 1867. [326] The central figure is a banker, Dorval, who identifies himself with Napoleon Bonaparte to the point where he sees episodes in his biography as mirrors of early 19th-century battles. [394] A magazine by the name of Literatorul, which claims to represent the legacy of Macedonski's publication, was founded in Romania in 1991, being edited by writers Sorescu, Fănuș Neagu and Mircea Micu. [310] The idyllic outlook present in such stories is one of the common meeting points between his version of Symbolism and traditionalist authors such as Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea. [24][109] He became opposed to Carol I, who, in 1881, had been granted the Crown of the Romanian Kingdom. Under the silvery, leafy, treasure, [290], Also during that stage, Macedonski was exploring the numerous links between Symbolism, mysticism and esotericism. Macedonski, Alexandru Born Mar. [259] The poem is commended by Călinescu, who notes that, in contrast to the "apparently trivial beginning", the main part, where Macedonski depicts himself in flight over the Danube, brings the Romanian writer close to the accomplishments of Dante Aligheri. [179] Meanwhile, the poet's literary club, set up at his house in Dorobanți quarter, had come to resemble a mystical circle, over which he held magisterial command. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. [107] His collaboration with La Wallonie alongside Albert Mockel, Tudor Vianu believes, makes Alexandru Macedonski one in the original wave of European Symbolists. [205] According to Vianu, he had intended to create a joke political party, the "intellectual group", whose other member was an unnamed coffeehouse acquaintance of his. [47] Following his arrest, Macedonski also completed Celula mea de la Văcărești ("My Cell in Văcărești"), which shows his attempt to joke about the situation. PDF. [369] In contrast, traditionalist poet Alexandru Vlahuță authored an 1889 sketch story in which Macedonski (referred to as Polidor) is the object of derision. [377] The 1912 Simbolul magazine, which moved between conventional Symbolism and the emerging avant-garde, also published an Imagist-inspired parody of Noaptea de mai, signed by Adrian Maniu. [260] The writer himself claimed that the piece evidenced "the uttermost breath of inspiration I have ever felt in my life. Pagina oficială a scriitorului Alexandru Macedonski, poet, prozator, dramaturg, teoretician şi critic literar. [372] He also recounts that Macedonski himself treated Lovinescu with disdain, and once called him "a canary". Both his son Alexis and grandson Soare were known painters. Despite having theorized "instrumentalism", which reacted against the traditional guidelines of poetry, he maintained a lifelong connection with Neoclassicism and its ideal of purity. Ever since that moment, Macedonski has generally been believed to be Duna, and as a result, was faced with much criticism from both readers and commentators. It is the time when roses die, They die in gardens, and in me – They were so full of life and glee, And now they droop with a faint sigh. [282] His version of Symbolism, critic Paul Cernat notes, clashed with that advocated by many of his contemporaries in that it rejected merit to the Decadent movement, and represented the "decorative" aestheticist trend of Paranassian spirit within the Romanian Symbolist current. [366], In addition to his polemical portrayals in works by Alecsandri, Eminescu and Caragiale, Macedonski's career was an inspiration for various authors. [188] It was also in 1914 that Macedonski commissioned for print his very first rondels and completed work on a tragedy play about Renaissance poet Dante Aligheri—known as La Mort de Dante in its French original, and Moartea lui Dante in the secondary Romanian version (both meaning "Dante's Death"). [22] Vianu draws attention to the picturesque depiction of historic Bucharest, a contributing element in Cometa..., Casa cu nr. "[312], Thalassa, Le Calvaire de feu, a fantasy novel and extended prose poem, was celebrated by Macedonski's disciple Oreste Georgescu as "the new religion of humanity". [126][159] This followed intense self-promotion within the French literary environment, as well as advertisements in the French press. Alexandru Macedonski repeatedly expressed the thought that, unlike his contemporaries, posterity would judge him a great poet. Alexis Macedonski Artist, Deceased Person, Person. However, Macedonski’s formalistic inclinations were not a determining factor in his work, which was permeated by democratic ideas. Cernat gives the date as 1909, while Sandqvist mentions 1895 and 1899. Vianu, Vol.II, p.353-355. As up to yesterday he had been dopey In prose, his focus shifted back to the purely descriptive, or led Alexandru Macedonski into the realm of fantasy literature. [28] The landscape there inspired him to write an ode. [350], Macedonski's cosmopolitan circle was the center of a literary alternative to the prevailing conservatism and Eminescu-like traditionalism of the day, the latter tendency being grouped around Sămănătorul magazine for part of Macedonski's lifetime. [3] Constantin Piliuță, a painter active in the second half of the 20th century, made Macedonski the subject of a portrait in series dedicated to Romanian cultural figures (also depicted were Nicolae Iorga, Ștefan Luchian and Vianu). Thalassa and Caliope fall in love, but are mysteriously unable to seal their union through sexual intercourse: the boy attributes this failure to the "curse" of human individuality. [303] In what is seen as its most acid section, the text notably reads: M-am născut în niște zile când tâmpita burghezime [3] In 1919, Theodor Burcă was also inspired to complete another bust, and, during World War II, was commissioned by Mayor of Bucharest Ioan Rășcanu to build a Macedonski Monument in the Grădina Icoanei park, but this was never completed. According to Călinescu, the poet's last word was, Călinescu, p.318, 569; Vianu, Vol.III, p.40, 451, Călinescu, p.525; Sandqvist, p.200; Vianu, Vol.II, p.451. [24][352] Many first-generation disciples were to part with his guidelines early on, either by radicalizing their Symbolism or by stepping out of its confines. [24][160] Part of this involved Macedonski sending his book to be reviewed by Émile Faguet, Jean Mounet-Sully, Joséphin Péladan, Pierre Quillard and Jean Richepin, who replied with what Vianu deems "the politeness of circumstance. In its first version, the magazine was co-edited by Macedonski, Bonifaciu Florescu and poet Th. [69], In parallel, Macedonski used the magazine to publicize his disagreement with the main Junimist voice, Convorbiri Literare. ; He forfeited his match against Alexandru Lungu of Romania and … And now he is merely insane. [3] Macedonski's childhood home in Goiești passed into state property under communism, and was in turn a school, a community home and a Macedonski Museum, before falling into neglect after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. [228] On a different level, they echoed an older influence, that of Gottfried August Bürger.[285]. Alexandru Macedonski entre romantisme et symbolisme", Centre Interuniversitaire d’Études Françaises/Egyetemközi Francia Központ, Alexandru Macedonski (original works in Romanian), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Macedonski&oldid=995833953, 19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights, 20th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights, National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians, Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Poet, novelist, short story writer, literary critic, journalist, translator, civil servant, "From a Deadlocked Present into an Imagined Past", in the, "From Modernization to Modernist Literature", in, This page was last edited on 23 December 2020, at 03:33. [89] Among the younger prominent traditionalist writers was the Transylvanian-born Lucian Blaga, who may have purposefully avoided Macedonski during his first visit to Bucharest in 1920. During World War I, the poet aggravated his critics by supporting the Central Powers against Romania's alliance with the Entente side. [38], During that period, Macedonski became interested in the political scene and political journalism, first as a sympathizer of the liberal-radical current—which, in 1875, organized itself around the National Liberal Party. It upheld Symbolist authors as the models to follow,[121] while Macedonski personally began producing what he referred to as "instrumentalist" poems, composed around musical and onomatopoeic elements, and showing a preference for internal rhymes. [193] Commentators and researchers of his work have declared themselves puzzled by this change in allegiance. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). [151] The poet's associate Th. Alas! [34] According to Călinescu, Macedonski "did not feel the need" to attend classes, because "such a young man will expect society to render upon him its homages. "), completed in 1919 and published the following year. [63] At a larger level, Vianu indicates, the play is also Macedonski's critique of capitalism, and, using Parisian argot, makes allusive references to famous people of the day. [379] In his debut poems, Benjamin Fondane-Barbu Fundoianu occasionally followed Macedonski,[380] but, by 1920, stated that the Symbolist doyen merely imitated French models to the point of "parasitism". This situation repeated itself in later years, when Macedonski and his Forța Morală magazine began campaigning against the Junimist dramatist Ion Luca Caragiale, whom they falsely accused of plagiarism. [20] Having briefly served as Defense Minister, the general was mysteriously dismissed by Cuza in 1863, and his pension became the topic of a political scandal. [46] For almost a year before, he and Oltul had taken an active part in the campaign against Conservative Party and its leader, Premier Lascăr Catargiu. Of South Slav (Serb or Bulgarian)[1] or Aromanian[2][3] origin, they claimed to have descended from Serb insurgents in Ottoman-ruled Macedonia. [134] Between that time and 1900, he focused on researching esoteric, occult and pseudoscientific subjects. [246] Critics generally argue that the volume is without value. 1880 - The magazine "Literatorul" is issued in Bucharest under the leadership of poet Alexandru Macedonski. "[185] He continued to hope that Le Fou? Within the framework of Romanian literature, Macedonski is seen by critics as second only to national poet Mihai Eminescu; as leader of a cosmopolitan and aestheticist trend formed around his Literatorul journal, he was diametrically opposed to the inward-looking traditionalism of Eminescu and his school. [31] His records of the journey indicate that he was faced with financial difficulties and plagued by disease. Supported by the liberal press and defended by the most prestigious pro-liberal attorneys (Nicolae Fleva among them), Macedonski faced a jury trial on June 7, being eventually cleared of the charges. Alexandru Macedonski est un poète roumain, principalement connu pour avoir fait connaître le symbolisme français en Roumanie. "[236] Proof of his combativeness was still to be found in Rondelul contimporanilor ("The Rondel of the Contemporaries"). A number of rondels show Macedonski's late fascination with the Far East, China and Japan. [42] These writings were followed in 1876 by a concise biography of Cârjaliul, an early 19th-century hajduk. [139] His rejection of the Orthodox establishment was documented by his political tract, published that year as Falimentul clerului ortodox. Later Orientations toward Theosophy and Social Philosophy"), the poet envisaged making his interest in esoteric subjects the basis of a new literary movement. [24][242] Călinescu writes that, while Macedonski's work is largely inferior to that of his Junimist rival, it forms the best "reply" ever conceived within their common setting.[243]. [135] Although it was positively reviewed by Mercure de France magazine,[136] Bronzes was largely unnoticed by the French audience, a fact which Tudor Vianu attributes to Bogdan-Pitești's lack of qualification for the cultural mission Macedonski had trusted him with. [67] In 1881, Education Minister Urechia granted Macedonski the Bene-Merenti medal 1st class,[68] although, Călinescu stresses, the poet had only totaled 18 months of public service. How to say Alexandru in English? [225] Having theorized once, while questioning Junimist rigor, that "the logic of poetry is absurdity itself [italics in the original]",[226] the poet also said: "Poetry is the chaos of spirit and matter, of the cries of distress and mad laughter. ; He was to have begun his defense against Alexandru Lungu of Romania. Sandqvist, p.202, 384; Vianu, Vol.III, p.374, Călinescu, p.693, 697; Vianu, Vol.III, p.380, Cernat, p.208-209; Răileanu & Carassou, p.7, Sandqvist, p.208-209; Vianu, Vol.III, p.388, Paul Rezeanu, "Caricaturistul N.S. His son Soare followed in his footsteps, receiving acclaim from art critics of the period. ", a comedy first printed in 1882) and Unchiașul Sărăcie ("Old Man Poverty") premiered at the National Theater Bucharest. [190], 1916 was also the year when Romania abandoned her neutrality and, under a National Liberal government, rallied with the Entente Powers. 14, 1854, in Bucharest; died there Nov. 24, 1920. George Călinescu's emits a verdict on the relation between his lifetime notoriety and the public's actual awareness of his work: "Macedonski [was] a poet well-known for being an unknown poet. [116] Also in 1886, he worked on his other Naturalist novellas: Zi de august ("August Day"), Pe drum de poștă ("On the Stagecoach Trail"), Din carnetul unui dezertor ("From the Notebook of a Deserter"), Între cotețe ("Amidst Hen Houses") and the eponymous Nicu Dereanu. [53] He also spoke at the Romanian Atheneum, presenting his views on the state of Romanian literature (1878). [332] Oceania-Pacific-Dreadnought is noted for anticipating television, the ship being equipped with electrically-operated "large and clear mirrors" that display "images from various parts of the Earth". While critics agree that it is to be read as an allegory of Macedonski's biography, the ironic text does not make it clear whether the emir actually reaches his target, nor if the central metaphor of Mecca as a mirage means that the goal is not worth sacrificing for. [89] At the other end of the political and cultural spectrum, Macedonski faced opposition from the intellectuals attracted to socialism, in particular Contemporanul editors Constantin Mille and Ioan Nădejde, with whom he was engaged in an extended polemic. English: Romanian poet Alexandru Macedonski (seated, right), his son Alexis (standing) and epigrammatist Oreste Georgescu. [382] Mateiu was the illegitimate son of Ion Luca Caragiale, but, Vianu notes, could withstand comparisons with his father's rival: the eccentricities were complementary, although Mateiu Caragiale shied away from public affairs. [378] A co-founder of Dadaism during the late 1910s, Tristan Tzara is believed by Swedish researcher Tom Sandqvist to have been inspired more or less directly by Macedonski, and in particular by the latter's thoughts on the relation between absurdity and poetry. [5] Dimitrie married Zoe, the daughter an ethnic Russian or Polish officer; their son, the Russian-educated Alexandru, climbed in the military and political hierarchy, joining the unified Land Forces after his political ally, Alexander John Cuza, was elected Domnitor and the two Danubian Principalities became united Romania. In parallel, Macedonski was using poetry to carry out his polemics. March 21, 1849) Vianu, Vol.II, p.357. Stoenescu. ; Romanian Alexandru Lungu won the men's open category as judo competition wrapped up. Anchored in the spirit of Western literature, he knew, without a doubt, the great poems dedicated to death, by Byron, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud, etc. [113] The magazine was reportedly hated by the public, causing Macedonski, Stoenescu, Florescu, Urechia and educator Anghel Demetriescu to try to revive it as Revista Literară ("The Literary Review", published for a few months in 1885). [283], Within Poezia viitorului, Macedonski invoked as his models to follow some important or secondary Symbolist and Parnassian figures: Charles Baudelaire, Joséphin Péladan, Maurice Maeterlinck, Stéphane Mallarmé and Jean Moréas. "[233] Other commentators have defined the poet's perspective on life as a result of "neurosis". [357] A more discreet legacy of Macedonski's ideas was also preserved inside the conservative and traditionalist camps. Alexandru Macedonski a compus-o in stilul unei poeme in proza si in maniera de simboluri a vechii poezii. Download Free PDF. "[213] Traian Demetrescu too recalled that his mentor had been dreaming of becoming a visual artist, and had eventually settled for turning his son Alexis into one. His biography was also marked by an enduring interest in esotericism, numerous attempts to become recognized as an inventor, and an enthusiasm for cycling. And when the flag of liberty is carried by publicans. The poet probably acknowledged that posterity would reject them, and did not republish them in any of his collected poetry volumes. [281] Endorsing the theory and practice of Symbolism for much of his life, Macedonski retrospectively claimed to have been one of its first exponents. [260] The Orient, viewed as the space of serenity, is believed by Macedonski to be peopled by toy-like women and absent opium-smokers, and to be kept orderly by a stable meritocracy. [288], With the adoption of such tenets came a succession of Symbolist poems, where the focus is on minutely-observed objects, usually items of luxury, partly reflecting themes he had explored in the Naturalist stage. [381], Several avant-garde authors returned to Macedonski's literary guidelines by the late 1920s, as they themselves grew more moderate. II, p.376-377, Vianu, Vol. "[318] According to Vianu, the book builds on Macedonski's earlier themes, replacing Naturalist observation with a metaphysical speculation about idealism. [162], Also in 1906, La Revue Musicale published his interview with Combarieu, through which the latter aimed to verify supposed connections between literary inspiration and musical sensitivity. [355] The pictorial and joyous elements in Macedonski's poems were also serving to inspire Stamatiad, Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est and Horia Furtună. [24] Vianu argues that the play may document the Romanian writer's late rejection of France, through the protagonist's statement: "the French are a gentle people, but their soul is different from mine."[341]. Datasets available include LCSH, BIBFRAME, LC Name Authorities, LC Classification, MARC codes, PREMIS vocabularies, ISO language codes, and more. Să nu avem ură când se luminează, Like those written previously by Literatorul's Pavelescu and Alexandru Obedenaru, they are based on an earlier motif present in Macedonski's work, that of recurring refrains. Debuting as a Neoromantic in the Wallachian tradition, Macedonski went through the Realist-Naturalist stage deemed "social poetry", while progressively adapting his style to Symbolism and Parnassianism, and repeatedly but unsuccessfully attempting to impose himself in the Francophone world. Alexandru Macedonski, sub semnul interferenţelor. Partly rendered in Perpessicus, p.352, Vianu, Vol.II, p.359-360. During communism, Noaptea de mai was the basis for a successful musical adaptation, composed by Marian Nistor and sung by Mirabela Dauer. [170] Also in 1912, one of his poems was published as an homage by Simbolul, a magazine published by the young and radical Symbolists Tristan Tzara, Ion Vinea and Marcel Janco. Alexandru Macedonski (Romanian pronunciation: [alekˈsandru mat͡ʃeˈdonski]; also rendered as Al. [84] Macedonski also took distance from Alecsandri's style, publishing a "critical analysis" of his poetry in one issue of Literatorul. I was born into days when the moronic bourgeoisie [148] According to Vianu, Macedonski had no prior knowledge of the fraud, but had also been "blinded" by his resentments instead of displaying "discernment", and had even showed evidence of "insanity". Macedonski published the progressive newspaper Oltul (1873-76). His first poetic efforts were published in a book entitled in Latin Prima Verba (First Words, 1872). 3/32. These targeted Vasile Alecsandri and especially Eminescu, their context and tone becoming the cause of a major rift between Macedonski and his public. [171], During Macedonski's absence, his style and work had come to be reviewed more positively, in particular by the young authors I. Dragoslav, Horia Furtună, Ion Pillat, Anastasie Mândru, Al. State is fiction, and justice—an injustice [292] This interest also reflected in his 1893 Saul, where Cincinat Pavelescu's contribution is supposedly minimal. [145], The emerging avant-garde, although originating from Symbolism, progressively took its distance from Literatorul's legacy. [178] He is also depicted in a 1918 lithograph by Jean Alexandru Steriadi, purportedly Steriadi's only Symbolist work. [228], In Vianu's perspective, Macedonski's stance is dominated by a mixture of nostalgia, sensuality, lugubrious-grotesque imagery, and "the lack of bashfulness for antisocial sentiments" which compliments his sarcasm. 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